Volume 18, Issue 1, 2023/Journal Proceedings in Manufacturing Systems

Abstract: Smart manufacturing represents a new concept which creates new requirements in manufacturing and manufacturing metrology area such as flexibility, mass customization, quality of product, digital twin, optimization, internet of things, big data etc. all of them towards real time control and monitoring all manufacturing processes including and metrological processes. Smart manufacturing an extremely expressed requirement for better control, monitoring and data mining. This paper presents new approach of development smart manufacturing – smart metrology concept on the example an digital measuring system (DMS) based on coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and digital measuring twin (DMT). The framework DMS, are based on integration of digital product metrology information through metrological identification, application artificial intelligence techniques and generation of inspection protocol for CMM. The system is based on the application of three AI techniques such as engineering ontology, genetics algorithm and ants colony optimization. The developed system consists of: the ontological knowledge base; the mathematical model for generating strategy of initial measuring path; the model of analysis and optimization of workpiece setups and probe configuration; the path simulation model in MatLab, PTC Creo and PC-DMIS software as well, the model of optimization measuring path by applying ants colony optimization. After simulation of the measurement path and visual checks of collisions, the path sequences are generated in the control data list and measuring protocol for appropriate CMM. The advantage of the DMS is its suitability for monitoring and digitalization of the measurement process planning, simulation carried out and measurement verification based on CMM, reduction of the overall measurement time and minimizing human involvement or human errors through intelligent planning, which directly influences increased production efficiency, competitiveness, and productivity of enterprises. The simulation enables DMT and monitoring the measuring operation of a real CMM based on a virtual one.

Key words: Digital system, Measuring system, Smart manufacturing, Digital Twin, CMM.

pp. 11-16 View full text

Evaluation on a lathe of circularity deviation and factors that could affect its measurement accuracy

Bruno RĂDULESCU^1,*, Andreea PANĂ², Mara RĂDULESCU³,Adelina HRIȚUC^4,*, Adriana MUNTEANU⁵, Andrei MIHALACHE⁶, Oana DODUN⁷, Gheorghe NAGÎȚ⁸, Laurențiu SLĂTINEANU⁹

¹⁾Lecturer, PhD, Digital Production Systems Dep., "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, România

²⁾Student, Digital Production Systems Dep., "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, România

⁵⁾Lecturer, PhD, Dep. Digital Production Systems PhD, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, România

⁴⁾PhD Student, Machine Manufacturing Technology Dep., "Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, România

⁵⁾Assoc. Prof., PhD, Digital Production System Dep., "Gheorghe Asachi " Technical University of Iași, România

⁶⁾Lecturer, PhD, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, "Gheorghe Asachi " Technical University of Iași, România

⁷⁾ Prof., PhD, Machine Manufacturing Technology Dep., "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, România

⁸⁾ Prof., PhD, Machine Manufacturing Technology Dep., "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, România

⁹⁾ Prof., PhD, Machine Manufacturing Technology Dep., "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, România

Abstract: The problem of complying with the prescriptions regarding the circularity deviation in certain areas of some cylindrical surfaces arises where higher values of this deviation could affect the precision of a part's rotation or other aspects related to the operation of that part. There are situations in industrial practice in which the problem arises of an operative evaluation of the deviations from the circularity of a previously processed cylindrical surface before the part is detached from the device used for its locating and clamping. As such, the problem is posed to design a device that could be mounted on a universal machine tool, and that uses a dial gauge. Consideration is given to the extent to which deviations from the positioning of the dial gauge relative to the horizontal plane of the main shaft axis of the lathe selected as a universal machine tool could affect the measured circularity deviation values. The functional requirements and design parameters are formulated following axiomatic design principles to identify a device solution to meet such conditions. Thus, a variant of the device is obtained that could be used to highlight the influence that dial positioning and, respectively, the clearance between a ring-type piece and the mandrel used to locate and grip the ring-type piece could exert on the measured values of circularity deviation.

Key words: circularity deviation, influencing factors, lathe, dial gauge, axiomatic design, triangular matrix.

pp. 17-24 View full text

Redesign of metal parts for additive manufacturing: a review of case studies

Panagiotis SPANIDIS¹, George-Christopher VOSNIAKOS²

¹⁾ PhD student, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

²⁾ Prof., Manufacturing Technology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Abstract: Additive material (AM) technologies are an emerging manufacturing technology with a large degree of design freedom. They provide the possibility of further product improvement beyond the limits of conventional manufacturing methods. To exploit this to the full it is necessary to identify component classes that are most suited to be ‘designed for AM’. Systematic research of the kinds of components and factors for a successful product with additive technologies is still lacking. This work presents an attempt to categorize the applications for AM in which the advantages of the method provide the greatest economic and production benefits for industry. In addition, it presents the main design goals, difficulties, solutions, side benefits as well as common materials and post processes for each of the specified categories among with a summary of the mail design rules.

Key words: Additive Manufacturing, Design rules, Case studies.

pp. 25-35 View full text

Tool wear analysis with machine vision: an accurate and non-contact measurement approach

Goran MUNĐAR^1,*, Rudolf-Leon FILIP², Uroš ŽUPERL³

¹⁾ MSc Eng., Researcher, Laboratory for Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

²⁾ MSc Eng, Student, Laboratory for Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

³⁾ Assoc. Prof., Researcher, Laboratory for Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

Abstract: Our work focuses on developing an optical measuring cell for controlling and measuring cutting tools in machining processes. The cell includes a camera that can move in the x and y directions, as well as a mechanism for clamping the tool. We implement an algorithm to capture and process camera images, perform edge detection, and convert coordinates and pixels to millimeters. Additionally, we incorporate automatic tool rotation for a comprehensive analysis of the cutting edges. The measurement output provides the x and y components of the cutting-edge tip, enabling precise assessment of tool wear and process optimization. This research contributes to enhancing machining technology for improved productivity and reduced costs.

Key words: Tool Wear Analysis, Optical Measuring Cell, Automatic Tool Rotation, Machining Process Optimization, Edge Detection Algorithm.

pp. 31-36 View full text

Exploring collaboration of humans with industrial robots using ROS-based simulation

George-Christopher VOSNIAKOS^1,*, Efthymios STATHAS²

¹⁾ Prof., Manufacturing Technology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

²⁾ MSc graduate student, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Abstract: A typical 6 joint industrial robot was programmed in ROS^TM (Robot Operating System) environment in order to explore different scenarios of cooperation with humans. Human presence and motion were detected by simulated laser sensors. Algorithms were developed in Python for collaboration and security in the robot workspace leading to robot stopping, slowing down, or executing a certain trajectory when the human agent intervenes in its workspace whilst performing tasks such as pick-and-place or screwing. The robot was modelled in URDF format. The MoveIt!^TM platform was used to visualize the robot and its movements in space. The data collected by the laser sensors in the gazebo^TM software environment is visualized in real time in Rviz^TM as the trajectory followed by the human within the workplace. The work demonstrates feasibility of human collaboration with industrial robots using ROS^TM as a ‘middleware’ based alternative to collaborative robots provided that reliable sensors are involved.

Key words: industrial robot, human-robot collaboration, simulation, sensors, visualisation.

Electronic mail: orgcom@icmas.eu